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SATAN
/ SATANISM Satan translated from the
Hebrew, means 'the enemy'. Considered to be the embodiment of evil in
Jewish, Christian and Islamic religions. Satan has many aliases, the Devil,
the Prince of Darkness and Beelzebub being among the most common, it is
used not to refer to him directly by as to utter the sound or name of
Satan is thought to draw unwelcome attention. There are those who revere
him as a deity, as a source of black magic, and rituals are performed
to him. The worship of the Devil is known as Satanism.
Unlike many religions and philosophies, Satanism generally focuses upon
the spiritual advancement of self, rather than upon submission to a deity
or a set of moral codes. It should be noted also that so-called classic
'Satanism' is not actually known to be practised in the world today. This
is the Satanism depicted during the Inquisition with tales of murder,
incest and baby eating.
The emergence of modern Satanism was largely the result of a hoax carried
out by French journalist Leo Taxil in the late nineteenth century. In
1884 Taxil published pamphlets detailing a vast satanic organisation,
the Palladian order, which was associated with Freemasonry. After several
years, during which the Catholic Church lent the anti-Palladian crusade
its full support, Taxil announced that the whole things was a fraud, concocted
to demonstrate how gullible the Catholic Church was. The word 'Satanism'
first entered the English language in media accounts of the Palladian
affair.
The 1960s and 70s saw a large scale campaign to prove that secret conspiracies
of Satanists were at work in American society, committing crimes and encouraging
sex, violence and revolution. These claims reached a peak of frenzy in
the 1980s with dozens of satanic abuse accusations and prosecutions. The
1980s also saw the emergence of Satanism as a small but high profile sub
culture among American teenagers. Drawing their inspiration from Anton
LaVey's 'Satanic Bible', and from other Satan related ideas in literature,
music and popular culture, adolescent Satanists became the focus of a
great deal of debate and uproar in the media when a few disturbed teenagers
committed crimes in the name of Satanism.
Many contemporary Satanists eschew traditional religious beliefs, attitudes
and worship in favour of a more egotistic worldview and practices such
as magic.
SHADOW
According to Carl Jung, the shadow is the hidden or unconscious aspect
of a person that the conscious self [the ego] has either repressed or
ignored. The shadow is mostly composed of those elements of themselves
a person finds distasteful, such as taboo urges, resentments and animal
instincts. These repressed elements, however, still find a way to be heard
by the projection of those qualities on to someone else. In other words,
someone else is blamed for a persons own weaknesses. Despite negative
associations of the shadow, acknowledging and assimilating it into the
ego is, according to Jung, a sign of a healthy person.
SHAMAN A
magician - priest - healer - wise person who serves tribal peoples of
the Americas, India, Australia, Siberia and Mongolia, as well as in some
northern European traditions. In other traditions shamans are also known
as witch doctors or medicine men.
The shaman is a follower of a visionary tradition that reaches back to
prehistory and is based on animistic ideas about the world. They are often
well versed in herbalism and spiritual healing and can enter altered states
of consciousness to tap into the elemental powers of nature and the spirit
world for the health and well being of their people. They will typically
use rhythmic drumming, dancing, chanting, fasting, drugs and vision quests
to induce trance states, which allow the shamans should to enter the sprit
world in order to heal, divine the future, communicate with spirits of
the dead and perform other supernatural feats.
Shamans also consult spirit guides in the form of animal guardians called
totems. They guide their people to awareness and maturity by helping hem
to contact their own totem guides, or something through the use of psychogenic
or psychedelic substances.
The shaman lives in two worlds: ordinary reality and non-ordinary reality
called the 'shamanic state of consciousness'. The shaman remains lucid
throughout his altered state, controls it and recalls afterwards what
transpired during it. In this state he has access to information that
is closed off during ordinary reality.
SOCIETY FOR
PSYCHICAL RESEARCH first organisation established to investigate the
paranormal scientifically, set up in London in 1882. The Society for Psychical
Research [SPR] was formed by a group of individuals whose aim was to discover
scientific proof of spiritualist phenomena. In 1885 the SPR helped found
the American Society for Psychical Research in Boston.
In time the SPR turned it attention from physical mediumship to other
phenomena that might suggest evidence for ESP or survival after death,
such a mental mediumship. By 1900 the Society had produced thousands of
reports and articles as well as substantial works such as 'Phantasms of
the Living' [1886], a huge study of apparitions, and 'Human Personality
and Its Survival of Bodily Death', a comprehensive study of evidence for
survival.
By 1910 most of the key members of the group had died but after death
they reportedly communicated through various mediums, providing evidence
for cross correspondences.
The SPR differs from the American society in that for the most part it
leaves research to its members, whereas in the ASPR this is left to the
staff. Currently it runs a programme of monthly lectures with a variety
of invited speakers, held in the Lecture Hall of the Kensington Public
Library. Admission is free to SPR members, with an admission fee for non-members.
The SPR also runs courses in psychic development and holds an annual conference
at different venues around the UK. www.spr.ac.uk
The SPR maintains an impressive library and publishes research articles
in the Society's 'Journal and Proceedings', which, since 1995, have appeared
in a magazine called the 'Paranormal Review'. Research and information
about the society is also available online www.spr.ac.uk
SOUL MATE
the romantic belief that every person soul has a counterpart and true
happiness and fulfilment can only be found by meeting and joining with
that counterpart. In some cases this search may span several incarnations.
Some people consult psychics, astrologers and so on in an effort to find
or attract their soul mate. Opinions differ as to whether soul mates will
come together naturally or whether they must earn their affinity. It is
generally thought, however, that an obsession with soul mates puts unnecessary
pressure on a relationship by creating impossible expectations.
SPIRITa
supernatural force of nature, discarnate entity or the animating essence
within our physical bodies; sometimes referred to as soul but not precisely
the same as the soul. Spirits can also represent places, such as the spirit
of lakes, trees, mountains and scared sites.
Spirit is the divine essence of who we are, an individual part of the
three aspects of human existence: mind, body and spirit. In many belief
systems the spirit survives death and can be contacted by a medium on
our plane of existence.
Spirits are commonplace in the religions and folklores of the world and
come in a multitude of shapes and forms, such as fairies, elves, demons
and angels. In some cultures they are also thought to personify characteristics
and forces of nature, which are worshipped. They are believed to exist
in an invisible realm but can be seen by persons with clairvoyance. They
are also thought to intervene at times in the affairs of humanity, for
better or for worse.
The term is often used to describe all non-physical entities, including
ghosts, but a spirit is not strictly speaking the same as a ghost even
though the distinction between the two is sometimes vague. Spiritualism
refers to a belief in the immortality of the soul and to communication
with spirits of the dead, according to medium Arthur Ford, spirit was
'nothing more than the stream of consciousness of a person with which
we are familiar in every human being. This is what survives death not
as a spiritual wraith but as an oblong blur.' Society for Psychical Research
founder Frederick Myers suggested in his book 'Human Personality and Its
Survival After Death' [1903] that the spirit is the unknown part of a
mans personality, 'which we discern as operating before or after death
in the methetherical environment.'
SPIRIT GUIDE
A discarnate entity often perceived as the higher self or a spirit of
the dead that serves as communications bridge, guardian or guide. In shamism
the spirit guide is known as a totem animal in spiritualism it is known
as the mediums control, while in witchcraft it is known as a familiar.
It is widely held around the world that every person has one or more spirit
guides from birth that remain with the person throughout their life. At
death these guides assist the soul in crossing over to death. Psychics
are often very aware of their spirit guides. Some speak to them in dreams,
see them clairvoyantly or receive clairaudient messages through meditation
and visualisation. Children who have imaginary friends may be communicating
with their guides.
SPIRITUALISM
religious and social movement that began in the United States in 1848
and quickly spread to Britain and Europe. Interest peaked in the early
twentieth century and then subsided, although today it still remains a
vigorous religion around the world, especially Britain and America. Its
appeal originally derived from the evidence it purported to provide of
survival after death, manifested through mediums who allegedly communicated
with spirits and performed paranormal feats.
Spiritualists believe that the soul survives death and make a transition
to the spirit world. Communication with these souls is made possible through
purposeful contact with the departed - a séance - via a medium.
The medium goes into trance and through his or her psychic ability allegedly
establishes a link between this world and the afterlife. The spirits then
speak through the medium, who is temporarily possessed by this entity.
This contact is taken as proof by believers that there is indeed life
after death.
Spiritualism had a difficult relationship with Christianity from the onset.
Some Christians reject it as Satanic and even tried to have it legally
banned. Some spiritualists believed in breaking ties with religion while
others sought the endorsement of the Church by advocating belief in Christian
principles.
Today Spiritualist churches remain active in Britain, the United States,
Brazil and other countries. The majority are modelled on Protestant churches
but without a ministry. The emphasis is on spiritual healing [prayer,
laying on of hands and energy transfer] and mental mediumship which can
include trance messages communicated from spirits to the congregation.
Spiritualists believe that their religion has been scientifically proved
by the paranormal feats of mediums. This is because, according to believers,
Spiritualism offers proof of life after death in a way no other religion
can; the living can talk directly to their dearly departed, and, more
importantly, learn how best to live to later profit after they themselves
pass on.
The largest spiritualist organisation in the United States is the National
Spiritualist Association of Churches of the USA but the largest spiritualist
organisations in the world are in the UK: the Spiritualist Association
of Great Britain and the Spiritualists National Union. Until 1951 Spiritualism
had no legal status in the UK due to the Witchcraft Act of 1735, which
enabled the prosecution of mediums as witches, but in 1951 that law was
repealed and replaced by the fraudulent mediums' act.
STRING THEORY
the theory that what are perceived, as particles are actually vibrations
on strings on membranes in a 10- or 11-dimensional space. This theory
resolves the incompatibility between general relativity [the principle
that gravitational and inertial forces are equivalent] and quantum theory
and unifies them.
String theory has been developed for several decades, with a goal to become
'the theory of everything', that is, to unify all four fundamental forces
- gravity, electromagnetism, and strong and weak nuclear forces. A revolutionary
discovery of the theory is that the while universe should have nine or
ten dimensions of space, instead of three [length, width and height].
In an earlier version of string theory, it was assumed that only three
dimensions are observed because the other extra dimensions are too small
to be seen. However, a few years before 2000, researchers suggested that
these extra dimensions could be as large as the ordinary dimensions. The
reason they cannot be seen is because all matter and electromagnetic waves
are confined in a three dimensional sub universe, called 'braneworld'.
String theory tries to explain multidimensional phenomena beyond Einstein's
four dimensions [the three spatial ones plus time] and because it does
this is has been proposed by some physicists as an explanation for so
called paranormal phenomena. It attempts to address the mystery of the
multi-dimensional nature of reality by hypothesizing the existence of
hyperspaces that exist beyond the perceptual boundaries of the physical
senses, and by so doing it could potentially validate psychic phenomena.
Ultimately, it has been suggested that string theory will be capable of
explaining everything there is to explain, including paranormal phenomena,
but scientific research has not reached that stage yet and the suggestions
remains controversial.
SUPEREGO according to Sigmund Freud, the superego is the higher
part of the mind that gives a person a sense of right and wrong, of pride
and guilt and of what is acceptable and what is not. It is the opposite
of the id, which is the unconscious part of a person that only desires
gratification of its own needs. The superego tends to make a person act
in ways that are acceptable to society by repressing the needs of the
id.
SYMBOL
a symbol, in its basic sense, is a representational object or visual image
for a concept, object, idea, quality or quantity. It expresses a concept
or idea beyond the object or image itself. A symbol can be a material
object whose shape or origin is related to the thing it represents: for
instance, the cross is the main symbol of Christianity. A symbol can also
be an image [icon] or a patter or colour, for example, the halo is a conventional
symbol of sainthood in Christian imagery and the colour red is often used
as a symbol for socialist movements. Symbols can also be immaterial entities
like sounds, words and gestures, for example, bowing is a common way to
indicate respect. The discipline of semiotics studies symbols and symbol
systems in general; semantics is specially concerned with the meaning
of words.
People respond to symbols both consciously and unconsciously every day.
Symbolistic thought dates back to primitive times and in every culture,
past and present, symbols play a crucial role both in religion and in
society as a whole. Religious and metaphysical writing are known for their
use of esoteric symbolism, because they are believed to contain secret
wisdom assessable only to the initiated. Alchemical writings also made
extensive use of symbols for spiritual and chemical processes [which practitioners
also saw as symbols for each other]. Symbols also play a key part in magical
ritual and practice because magic symbols are believed to be the keys
to raising within the magician the qualities or abilities expressed by
the symbols.
The interpretation of dreams as symbols of ones experiences is a main
feature of Freudian psychoanalysis and Jungian analytical psychology,
and the understanding of symbols and the integration of them into consciousness
is an important part of various psychologies. Carl Jung believed that
objects and ideas that become symbols are endowed with a great psychological
power and can carry empowering messages to the psyche. According to Jung
symbols are the language of the unconscious, but to be effective they
must not be interpreted literally as their true meaning must always be
beyond the reach of logic and comprehension.
Some
common symbols
There are thousands of symbols
that are recognised by most people all over the world, and millions more
that are limited to certain religions, religions, societies, etc. Here
is just a sample of the best known:
Balance
[scale] > justice
Bald eagle >USA
Bat > vampire [Western]> luck [Chinese]
Boomerang > Australia
Caduceus > Medical profession
Cheetah > speed
Cherry blossom > Japan
Compass rose > navigation
Crucifix > Christianity
Cupid, heart > love
Dragon > China/Wales
Flags > the associated countries
Horseshoe >luck
Kangaroo > Australia
Lightbulb > idea
Lightening bolt > electricity, speed
Lotus flower > Hinduism and Buddhism
Maple leaf > Canada
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Mount
Fuji > Japan
Panda > China
Penguin > South Pole
Pestle and mortar > Pharmacy
Pink triangle > gay men
Pointed hat and wand > magic
Polar bear > North Pole
Rainbow flag > homosexual people
Red Crescent/Red Cross > First Aid
St Bernard god > rescue
Shamrock > Ireland
Skull and cross bones > poison, danger
Star and crescent > Islam
Star of David > Judaism
Statue of Liberty > USA
Uncle Sam > USA
Windmills > Nederland's
Ying/yang symbol > Taoism |
SYNCHRONICITY
the phenomenon of simultaneous events occurring that are related but which
have no discernible link to each other. Psychiatrist Carl Jung, who coined
the phrase, felt the meaningful coincidences that linked seemingly unrelated
and unconnected events happened for a reason. He spoke of synchronicity
as being an 'acausal connecting principle' [i.e. a pattern of connection
that is not explained by causality].
The concept of synchronicity has always been integral to Eastern thought
but Jung was largely responsible for developing it in the West. He gave
Albert Einstein credit for his inspiration - the two met when Einstein
was developing his theory of relativity and it prompted Jung to consider
a possible relativity of time as well as space. In his research Jung had
encountered numerous synchronicities that he could not explain and which
were so meaningful that their occurrence by chance would be highly improbable.
As an example Jung quoted an incident that happened to one of his patients,
who was describing a dream she had about a golden scarab. As she spoke
Jung heard tapping at the window and when he opened it he found a scarabaeid
beetle. His patient was so surprised by the coincidence that she stopped
being defensive in therapy and started to consider what this could mean.
Jung pointed out that the scarab was an archetypal symbol of rebirth and
this led to greater maturity in his patient.
Jung also cited a personal example, and the following, from his 'Memories,
Dreams, Reflections' [1962], sheds light both on the phenomenon itself
and how Jung came to think about the relatedness between the inner and
outer realms:
"I recall
one time during the Second World War when I was returning home from
Bollingen. I had a book with me, but could not read, for the moment
the train started to move I was overpowered by the image of someone
drowning. This was a memory of an accident that had happened while
I was on military service. During the entire journey I could not rid
myself of it. It struck me as uncanny, and I thought, "What has
happened? Can there have been an accident?"
I got out at Erlenbach and walked home, still troubled by this memory.
My second daughter's children were in the garden. The family was living
with us, having returned to Switzerland from Paris because of the
war. The children stood looking rather upset, and when I asked, "Why
what is the matter?" they told me that Adrian, then the youngest
of the boys, had fallen into the water in the boathouse. It is quite
deep there and since he could not really swim he had almost drowned.
His older brother had fished him out. This had taken place at exactly
the time I have been assailed by that memory in the train."
Jung spent many
years studying synchronicity in an attempt to discover why it occurred
and in the latter part of his life explored quantum theory in an effort
to explain it. However, he eventually came to accept that the mysterious
connection between two seemingly unrelated aspects of mind and matter
was that they were two different expressions of the same thing - vibrational
energy.
Synchronicity for Jung was an alignment of 'universal forces' with the
life experiences of an individual. Jung believed that many experiences
perceived as coincidences were not merely due to chance, but instead reflected
the creation of an event or circumstances by the coinciding or alignment
of such forces. The process of becoming intuitively away and acting in
harmony with these forces is what Jung labeled 'individuation' Jung said
that an individuated person would actually shape events around them through
the communication of their conscious with the collective unconscious.
Synchronicity has increasingly come to the fore in modern research by
psychologists, parapsychologist and scientists on the nature of consciousness.
For example, similarities between quantum physics and Eastern thought
have been pointed out by Fritjof Capra in 'The Tao of Physics' [1984],
and in his groundbreaking text 'Synchronicity: The Bridge Between Mind
and matter' author F David Peat observes that synchronicity may appear
naturally to a mind that is constantly evolving and sensitive to change.
Sceptics argue that the theory of synchronicity is not scientific at all,
but an example of magical thinking, but despite this the idea remains
popular today and is an important concept in the modern mind/body/spirit
canon. Enthusiasts believe that even just being aware of the phenomenon
can increase a persons awareness of universal harmonies and correpondences
and open him or her up to new ways of thinking, being and living, and
to new orders of political, social and spiritual unities.
ONLINE
DISCUSSION GROUPS
The General
Discussion Group
was created for people who have read, attended courses
or worked with Steven and his colleagues. It is ALSO open to people who
have not attended courses or read written resources and will encourage
them in their personal as well as professional life. To explore and, if
it appeals for you, join the general discussion group
The
Professional Discussion Group
.
Some of Steven and his colleagues have created an online resource to support
them in their work given that due to the nature of their international contacts
the Internet offers an excellent way of easily keeping in contact and up
to date. If you would like to explore and if it relates and will support
your professional work
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